Exacavation Report Tel Dan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exacavation Report Tel Dan - Essay Example The main notice of Dan is in Genesis, 14:14, when Lot was kidnapped by furnished men, thus Abram pursued them up to Dan, a city initially called Laish or Leshem. Dan-Laish was established in the fifth thousand years BC. It was a prosperous city, with an inclining earth bulwark and mud-block triple-angled door as resistance, which permitted the occupants to have a sense of security and secure. Biran gathered that the impressive inclining earth bulwark with a door was the one Abraham saw when he came to the city2. So much has been said of the Tel Dan puzzles that in 1966 paleologist Avraham Biran started burrowing the site for its insider facts. Biran focused on scriptural antiquarianism, with the two significant orders, archeological examination and scriptural investigations, as the base for their unearthings and endeavors. These made a constructive outcome on their work3. A significant disclosure is the place of David engraving. This is a ninth century BCE triumph proclamation in Aramaic language and engraved on a basalt stone. The engraving is credited to an Aramaic lord Hazael of Damascus, who vanquished the city of Dan around the 840s, beautified the engraving in an open spot to show his capacity and sway over the city. At the point when the Israelites recovered the city, they torn and separated the engraving and reused it as development material. Archeologists drove by Avraham Biran so far found three sections of the engravings, which they found inside the dividers of the external gate4. The engraving reveals to us that the Aramaic ruler slaughtered the rulers of Israel (Joram) and Judah (Ahaziah). In any case, this is in opposition to the writings in the second Book of Kings, Chapter 9, where Jehu killed Joram, ruler of Israel, and Ahaziah, lord of Judah. These are two fascinating logical inconsistencies that should be explained, likely with the assistance of future finds at Tel Dan. The engravings were found in three pieces, all found in a similar general territory of Tel

Basketball / Football Essay

Earthy colored Ball Ball and Football are two totally various games yet relate from multiple points of view. Americans and different nations have the leisure activities of both Basketball and Football for some numerous years with loved ones. They are both serious, fun group activities with numerous similitudes and contrasts. Be that as it may, their arrangement and sythesis a fundamentally the same as. Ball and Footballs have numerous similitudes. They are both a group activity. The two of them require cooperation by all players, however the group can even now be affected by the activities of a person. The two games have an assigned measure of players required to play at once. B-ball has five players and Football has eleven players. Likewise substitutes are required for the two games to fill in for wounds, and so forth. B-ball and Football both utilize a light weight ball during play. In spite of the fact that they are a similar shading, the shape and material for which they are made is unique. In the two games the ball is utilized to score focuses. In Basketball the ball is utilized to shoot a bushel and score 2-3 focuses. In Football the ball is conveyed to the end zone to score 6 focuses. You can say that ball is a round of ups and football is a round of downs! There is likewise numerous distinctions in Basketball and Football. B-ball is a non-physical game. Physical contact is viewed as an infringement and will cause a foul in the group who reached. Though, Football is a full physical game. Physical encounter, handles and harsh play is normal and required in this game. Some watch Football for the fervor of the physical hostility of the game. While Basketball is looked for the extreme fervor of the scores being made. Ball requires no defensive gear since it is viewed as a non-physical game. The uniform is basically shorts, sleeveless shirt and sneakers. Football then again requires the utilization of defensive hardware in light of the forcefulness of the game. Most players wear shoulder braces, hip cushions, thigh cushions, knee cushions, tail bone cushion, and a head protector for assurance. A few players even wear a rib monitor for included insurance. Another contrast between these two games are the surfaces they are played on, just as the components they are presented to. B-ball is played inside on a sparkly court roughly a fourth of the size of a football field. While Basketball is normally played inside, it can likewise be played outside on a solid court. This is usually known as road ball. B-ball is appreciated progressively because of the way that its inside and the atmosphere is controlled. Football is played outside on a grass or turf field one hundred yards long, where you are presented to all the inclements of climate. At long last, both ball and football are among the numerous most loved diversions today. The two games are played by the two people and both require a specific sum on physical wellness. These two games show self-restraint, assist players with growing genuinely, and cooperation. Larry Foster English 101/Pierce College Think about and Contrast Final Draft 26 April 2014 Earthy colored Ball Ball and Football are two completely various games however relate from various perspectives. Americans and different nations have the side interests of both Basketball and Football for some numerous years with loved ones. They are both serious, fun group activities with numerous similitudes and contrasts. Be that as it may, their arrangement and sythesis a fundamentally the same as. Ball and Footballs have numerous likenesses. They are both a group activity. The two of them require cooperation by all players, yet the group is as yet influenced by the activities of a person. The two games have an assigned measure of players required to play at once. B-ball has five players and Football has eleven players. Also, substitutes are required for the two games to fill in for wounds, and so forth. B-ball and Football both use a lightweight ball during play. In spite of the fact that they are a similar shading, the shape and material for which they are made is extraordinary. In the two games the ball is utilized to score focuses. In Basketball, the ball is utilized to shoot a crate and score 2-3 focuses. In Football, the ball is conveyed to the end zone to score 6 focuses. You can say that b-ball is a round of ups and football is a round of downs! There is additionally numerous distinctions in Basketball and Football. B-ball is a non-physical game. Physical contact is viewed as an infringement and will cause a foul in the group who reached. While, Football is a full physical game. Physical encounter, handles and unpleasant play is normal and required in this game. Some watch Football for the fervor of the physical animosity of the game. While Basketball is looked for the extreme energy of the scores being made and the closeness of the scores. Basketball requires no defensive gear since it is viewed as a non-physical game. The uniform is essentially shorts, sleeveless shirt, and sneakers. Football then again requires the utilization of defensive hardware in light of the forcefulness of the game. Most players wear shoulder braces, hip cushions, thigh cushions, kneepads, tailbone cushion, and a cap for assurance. A few players even wear a rib monitor for included security. Another contrast between these two games is the surfaces they are played on, just as the components they are presented to. B-ball is played inside on a sparkly court roughly a fourth of the size of a football field. While Basketball is normally played inside, it can likewise be played outside on a solid court. This is regularly known as road ball. Ball is delighted in progressively because of the way that its inside and the atmosphere is controlled. Football is played outside on a grass or turf field one hundred yards long, where you are presented to all the severe of climate. At last, both ball and football are among the numerous most loved side interests today. The two people play the two games and both require a certainâ amount on physical wellness. These two games show self-restraint, assist players with growing genuinely, and cooperation.

Choosing College Essay Samples Which Is Suitable For Your Needs

Choosing College Essay Samples Which Is Suitable For Your NeedsIf you are a student planning to write your first college essay, it is important to be aware of all the different college essay samples available. This will ensure that you are able to choose a topic that is suitable for your college.There are many students who do not know where to start when they wish to write their college essay. It can also be difficult to know where to begin because the variety of different essays requires a different approach. There are a number of college essay samples available for use in this situation.It is necessary to select a college essay sample that fits your type of writing style. This is essential so that you will be able to write the essay as you would a thesis statement. You should select the college essay samples which are suited to the length of your piece and have a good variety of topics. Each college has its own theme, so be sure to check out the different topics that will be approp riate for your college.There are many different types of college essay samples available online and you can often get copies for free. When researching where to get the best college essay samples, it is advisable to search for writing samples which have a clear title. This is a clue that the writer knows what he or she is doing. Search for college essay samples that are simple to understand and have an engaging title.In addition, it is necessary to select a college essay sample that has Rutger's College Essay Manual. The eBook is a guide to help you through the process of writing an essay. Each chapter consists of tips and advice that will aid you in writing a quality essay. The Rutger's College Essay Manual includes details on essay writing, essay editing, and how to format your essay.This is an excellent guide to using and organizing your essay. The guide is very easy to follow and is presented in such a way that each step is easily understood. The guide also includes outlines for different college essay samples, examples of various essay styles, and important points to remember.Most students find it easiest to choose college essay samples that are free to download. Some of the free college essay samples will have a lot of information in them which will be useful, but some are too general in nature and will not help your writing skills. It is best to get some research done before you choose a free college essay sample to download so that you know exactly what to expect.The internet provides you with a lot of different writing tools, including college essay samples, many of which are free to download. With these tools, you will be able to start writing your first college essay and move forward towards writing a quality one. Take advantage of all of the resources that are available on the internet so that you will be able to start writing your first essay and writing well.

After the Fact Bottom Rail on Top - 1721 Words

AAfter The Fact: The View From the Bottom Rail Chris Bean Bl: A 5/29/12 Mr. Penza Summary of Chapter: With the sound of cannons and gunshots firing in the air, slaves in the south knew that freedom was coming to a nation of four million slaves. Union soldiers would be portrayed as bad foreigners from their masters, with, â€Å" long horns on their heads, and tushes in their mouths, and eyes sticking out like a cow.† (Page 171) Some slaves were overjoyed with rumors of emancipation and leaving their plantations to head north, but many slaves sided with their masters because they were afraid of what might happen later on. To newly freed blacks it was as if the world was turned upside down. One slave who was surprised and delighted to find his†¦show more content†¦The diversity in the two races made it virtually impossible for blacks and whites to deal with one another candidly. In the half century following Reconstruction, interest in preserving black history languished. Most historians writing about Reconstruction ignored the freedpeople and their perspective in general. Not until the twentieth century were systematic efforts made to question blacks about past experiences. Interest in the African American history arose sometime in the 1920’s, spurred by black scholars. But the most influential factor that made it hard to orally gather information from former slaves was the Depression. One of the many agencies chartered by Roosevelt administration was the Federal Writer’s Project or (FWP). It was a success in gathering more than 2,300 interviews, and it was published in 1941. Benjamin Botkin, the series’ original editor recognized the importance of the slaves interviews, â€Å"These life stories, taken down as far as possible in the narrators words, constitute an invaluable body of unconscious evidence or indirect source material. For the first time, slaves have been permitted to tell their own story, in their own way.† (Page 180) The chapter continues on to an interview on July 6’Th of Susan Hamlin, an ex-slave in South Carolina. She talks about the evil things that she witnessed and had done to her and was in her late nineties when recalling her past life as a slave. The second story of anShow MoreRelated The View from the Bottom Rail Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe View from the Bottom Rail The Lewinsky Scandal†¦ A perfect example as to why we cannot accept everything at face value before carefully examining it first. Everyone thought President Clinton was behaving himself in the White House, but, as it turns out, he was most definitely not. This can be the same for history. We must carefully consider different aspects of articles so that we do no make the mistake of believing everything we read. In order to fully understand an article, we must understandRead MoreThe Acceleration of a Freely Falling Body Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Acceleration of a Freely Falling Body To study the motion of a freely falling body, an object is allowed to fall and its position after successive equal time intervals is recorded on wax-coated paper by means of electric sparks. From these data, graphs of distance vs. time and velocity vs. time are plotted. The acceleration due to gravity is found by determining the slope of the velocity vs. time graph. Theory In one dimension, an objects average velocityRead MoreRobert Jewell Deposition Summary And Analysis2566 Words   |  11 PagesMartin is the regional manager and branch manager of the Houston operation. Wayne Bowling is the branch manager of the Conroe branch and Mr. Jewell’s boss. The Conroe branch provided the slide rail system provided to Elliott Construction. He was not part of the thought process to determine which slide rail process should be used. Mr. Jewell received trench safety training at United Rentals twice and at NTS once, in 2001 and 2003 at United Rentals and NTS in 2010. The classes he took were basicRead MoreExpansion and Contraction of Matter2240 Words   |  9 Pagesexceptions, when any matter is heated, it will expand.   When it   is cooled, it will contract.  Ã‚   Observing a Gas Expand When Heated    Procedure:  Ã‚   Place the neck of the balloon over the mouth of the bottle.   Put about 6 cm (2 in) of water in the bottom of the pot and place the bottle and balloon in the pot.   Heat the water slowly over the stove. You do not need to heat the water to boiling.   What happens to the balloon? Remove the bottle and allow it to cool.   What happens to the balloon now? Read MoreScience in the Media835 Words   |  3 Pagesup paper bags, a banana peel, and a partially filled beer can. Doc then inserts the trash that he finds into the top of the engine component of his flying car. Immediately after doing so, they hover off into the future. This particular scene in Back to the future basically communicates that a vehicle such as Docs car, can use organic waste as fuel and that it can do so immediately after placing trash into its engine component. While it would be extremely convenient and cost effective for societyRead MoreUnit 29 P21414 Words   |  6 Pagesdelivering, storing and selling goods, so that they can be used by customers. (Source- Intermediate Retail and Distribution, Delivering is about what types of transport which are used to carrying and delivering goods, the types of transport is going to be Rail, Road, Air, Water for example rivers, ocean cargo and canals and People. Storing is about where the goods are going to come from and where they are going to be stored. Selling is going to be where you are going to sell the goods Distribution Channel Read MoreThe Color of Water and Malcolm X1155 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow’s theory of â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† consists of 5 things humans need. From top to bottom, top being the more complex needs and the bottom the more basic needs is; Self-Actualization, esteem, love/belonging, safety, and physiological. Self-actualization is the level of need that pertains to what a person’s full potential is and realizing that potential. It is broken up as morality, spontaneity, and lack of prejudice. Based on the two texts I read, The Color of Water by James McBride andRead MoreGlobal Nature And Systemic Impact On The Firm s Financial Performance968 Words   |  4 PagesDue to its global nature and systemic impact on the firm’s financial performance, the supply chain arguably faces more risk than other areas of the company. Risk is a fact of life for any supply chain, whether it’s dealing with quality and safety challenges, sup ply shortages, legal issues, security problems, regulatory and environmental compliance, weather and natural disasters, or terrorism. There’s always some element of risk. Companies with global supply chains face additional risks, includingRead MoreFlight Centre1695 Words   |  7 Pagesreport contains analysis on Flight Centre’s customer experience survey conducted in Australia. The report has been divided into three main sections. The first section lists the important facts, findings from the case study. This is further elaborated to list key challenges faced by Flight Centre. Based on the facts and key challenges alternative solutions have been provided in the second section. Final section of the report mentions the recommendations and implementations for the company to improveRead MoreBombardier Transportation and the Adtranz Acquisition2217 Words   |  9 Pagestransportation and the Adtranz Acquisition 1. What is this case about (250 words)? 2. What are the Key Success Factors of the railway equipment industry ? 3. Draw a schematic representation of Bombardier’s business portfolio before and after the Adtranz acquisition. How critical is the European railway market for Bombardier? (From a business and a corporate level perspective). 4. Is Adtranz an attractive acquisition target for Bombardier? What are the arguments for and against?

William Shakespeare s Oedipus The King - 909 Words

English Assignment – Oedipus The King In the story, Oedipus The King, written by Sophocles, two important aspects of Oedipus’ character that lead to his demise are his determination to find the truth of his origin, as well as his anger. These are flaws that negatively affect the tragic outcome at the end of the plot. Oedipus first shows signs of anger when he does not want to hear what Tiresias has to say about the murderer of Laius, even after the ruler begs for the truth. Oedipus yells, Enough! I won’t listen to this sort of talk from you. Damn you! My curse on you! Get out of here, quickly. Away from this house, back to where you came from! (25) He goes into a fit of rage when Tiresias explains, in the form of riddles, the evils that the king is living with. The prophet mentions a curse, in which he hints that Oedipus marries his mother and kills his father. Tiresias also reveals that the king is the murderer of Laius. The ruler of Thebes believes that Creon set Tiresias up to convey this accusation, sta ting: â€Å"Was it Creon, or you, that invented this story?† (23) Because of his short-temper, without even considering the validity of Tiresias’ statement, Oedipus becomes irate and is unable to control his emotions, shouting: â€Å"(†¦.) I tell you, you will pay in tears for this witch-hunting—you and Creon, the man that organized this conspiracy!† (24) It is understandable that anyone would be upset and shocked after hearing such shocking claims. Yet, as a ruler of Thebes,Show MoreRelatedExploration Of William Shakespeare s Oedipus The King 1810 Words   |  8 PagesExploration of Intellect in Oedipus the King Joshua Small English Composition II Section 201 Professor Kerwan 24 October 2015 Joshua Small Professor Kerwan English Composition II 24 October 2015 Exploration of Intellect in â€Å"Oedipus the King† Oedipus the King by Sophocles has been examined countless times over the years. It is not merely a story about a tragic prophecy fulfilled, or about a son murdering his father then marrying his mother. Oedipus the King has been analyzed many timesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Sophocles Oedipus998 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare, one of the greatest playwrights of the Renaissance era, could have changed Ancient Greek Theatre plays tremendously as his approach was drastically different than that of Greek playwrights. In Oedipus by Sophocles, a curse has been set on the people of Thebes for the previous murderer of their former king Laius. King Oedipus as a child was given a prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother and that indeed has occurred as it is proven by witnesses that he was the murdererRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hamlet 1366 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Psychological State of the Characters in Hamlet The English Play writer, William Shakespeare had written many well-known pieces of work including Hamlet. Hamlet is known to be one of his most popular works. Hamlet was written in the late 16th Century about the Prince of Denmark. The original title of the work was The Tragedy of Hamlet, now it is referred to as just Hamlet. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses the mental state of his characters to prove that not all characters in books haveRead More Hamlets Oedipus Complex Essays1190 Words   |  5 Pageswho embody the elements of the classic Oedipus Complex, that of a son with an undue and unhealthy attachment to his mother. D.H Lawrenceamp;#8217;s Sons and Lovers, along with other early modernist works, shows how a sonamp;#8217;s bond to his mother can lead to that characteramp;#8217;s major downfall. Even earlier than works of the late 19th Century does the Oedipus Complex appear, in this case, William Shakespeareamp;#8217;s Hamlet. Shakespeareamp;#8217;s play about the Prince o f Denmark showsRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King1362 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Shakespeares’ Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus’ armed entrance into the bedroom in whichRead MoreThe Oedipus Complex ( Oedipus )1666 Words   |  7 Pageswith the Oedipus complex, which is when a boy has an attachment to the mother, which in turns results in aggressive and envious feelings toward the father and these feelings are largely repressed. The Oedipus complex comes from Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus but has largely been associated with Hamlet as well, since he and his mother Gertrude, have an extremely complicated relationship (Oedipus Complex). Hamlet is the predecessor of modern psychological thought because Freud came after Shakespeare. In theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1077 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology is a combination of studies regarding human behavior and mental characteristics observed within all individuals. Author’s such as William Shakespeare have 4dictated their works in a way that allows for them to integrate common occurrences of new psychological findings into a text, giving them an opportunity to sculpt characters that differentiate themselves from one another. Psychoanalytical Criticism is the application of psychological studies incorporated into the findings of contemporaryRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1599 Words   |  7 Pageslife and it has made me a different person and makes me want to do better in life each day. I believe that Hamlet was the best to achieve being a Tragic Hero than Oedipus did; because of the way he handled his tragedy. William Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Hamlet† was a very good poem. I, personally, love reading play and poems from Shakespeare. I have always wanted to read Hamlet and after reading it through this class I absolutely loved it. It was a very impressive poem, by the way it was written and setRead More Hamlet and the Oedipus Complex Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet and the Oedipus Complex Hamlet is the typical kind of son almost every father and mother would want: intelligent, loving, caring, strong and loyal. Yet, some scholars believe that he is just another emotional character, defying our eyes to think that his acts are innocent, when his real purpose is to take his mother for himself. This gives scholars, like Ernest Jones, the impression that Hamlet’s actions were encouraged by an Oedipus complex, characterized by feelings of intenseRead MoreThe Origins Of Drama And Theatre2001 Words   |  9 Pages(Powell 68). Tragedy is, according to Aristotle, â€Å"an imitation of an action that is admirable† (10). Tragedy therefore deals with more than the common folk, and deals with more than common occurrences. It is more likely to deal with the fate of great kings, and heroes (Simpson). The audience for Greek tragedies were most likely middle class, meaning that they may have been perfectly fine watching a play about hero’s of greater import ance, instead of commoners of lesser importance. Aristotle goes into

The Developement of Civilization Essay - 1359 Words

The Developement of Civilization According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, civilization is â€Å"a relatively high level of cultural and technological development, specifically the stage of cultural development at which writing and the keeping of written records is attained†. Other sources trace the meaning of civilization to political, economic, military and social structures as well as the heightened intellectual and artistic aspects of life (Spielvogel,xxxi). Civilization developed as the crises of everyday life necessitated change. As history progresses, we study our past in search of guidance and other crucial information to help us along the way. The study of civilization also plays as an agent to defer us from†¦show more content†¦It is taken from the fossils of these people that language may well have began in this form of human (Lerner,8). They had enlarged cavities in the front of the neck. Soon different dialects would run rampant. These people, the Neanderthals , were also nomadic. They followed the herds along their migratory patterns and gathered other sustenance consisting mostly of plants and their roots along the way. It is believed that approximately 400,000 years ago, Homo erectus learned to use fire (Lerner,9). They also began to travel farther distances, for the earliest evidence of the wheel used in travel was found to be in 35,000 BCE (Calder,54). There is conflicting information as to when the Homo erectus began evolving into the Homo sapien. Some say it was in 28,000 BCE (Lerner,9), others say it was between 18,000 and 13,000 BCE (Spielvogel,3). Facts would point to the earlier years, where the Sumerian city-states, Egyptian Civilization (especially the Old Kingdom), and cuneiform began to emerge. â€Å"Groups of people advanced beyond their old hunting grounds at a rate of only two or three miles per generation (Spielvogel,3).† They began making waterproof shelters of their own. With this new advance in additio n to the discovery and use of fire, man was able to move to climates other than the reasonably comfortable settlements ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Anthropology? Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pages For the past century, Anthropology has come to be known as a study of an infinite curiosity about humans. Not only concerned with an interest in human beings and their developements, Anthropology is much more broad in concept of trying to understand the relationships between human beings and all possible questions about them. Anthropology is trying to understand all aspects of human beings through the broad discovery, study, interpretation and inference of past and present cultural characteristicsRead MorePersuasive Essay On Space Exploration1554 Words   |  7 Pagesdont want to get into that debate. However I will point out that the next biggest spender on the military is China at 160 billion, so do what you want with that infomation. My main point is this; I believe that NASA is our best branch of reasearch developement, and why we should hold this line of reasearch in the upmost importance. How far can the human species go in terms of space exploration. I fully believe that whe n we start investing our time into space exploration we will begin the next big stepRead MoreA History of World in Six Glasses Essay2701 Words   |  11 Pagesthink beer was in the growth and diffusion of the earliest civilizations? Would the earliest civilizations of SW Asia and Egypt have been as prosperous without the discovery of beer? I think beer was an important factor in the growth and diffusion of the earliest civilizations. This is because beer led to the development of an agricultural-based society. Without the discovery of beer, who knows how long it would have taken early civilizations in the Paleolithic era realized that farming would be betterRead MoreEssay on Change Analysis Chart Postclassical (600-1450 C.E.)8730 Words   |  35 Pageswidespread. * Traders were more likely to travel the entire length of the silk roads due to increased safety and technology. | * Increased agricultural production due to developing technologies led to economic development. Further econnimic developements and increased urbanization led to increased trade. The major east-west trade routes, like the silk roads or the Indian Ocean routes, also developed more during this time, which led to increased international contact and safer trade routes. AllRead MoreSuccess Rates of the Re-establishment of the Fynbos in the Tokai Forest2104 Words   |  9 PagesTokai plantation were commercial pine has been cut in the past 2-4 years. †¢ To see whether different regions are affected due to different external factors, such as animal and human population. †¢ Information gathered will need to determine the developement of the indigenous Cape Flat Sand Fynbos varying between the past 2-4 years the commercial pines were cut. †¢ To determine the number of Cape Flats Sand Fynbos vegetation on the mountain, in the re-establishing forest sections. †¢ Determining theRead MoreRole Of Laparoscopic, Robotic Assisted And Open Surgery Essay3228 Words   |  13 Pagesmanagement of stones. Introduction: Humans are suffering from the urolithiasis from time before the recorded history. Urolithiasis have been found in the Egyptian mummy dating 4800BC(1).Surgery for urolithiasis was done in ancient Greek and Roman civilizations but these surgeries were mainly focused as treatment for complications of stone diseases like pyonephrosis or fistulae. Ingalls performed first elective nephrolithotomy in 1872 in United States of America and Morris performed first elective nephrolithotomyRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesthe theories that are the essence of management today. Although management as a formal field of study is less than 150 years old, there was a need for managing long before its principles were studied and codified. From the time of the earliest civilizations, management techniques were being employed widely. ManageMent in ancient History As early as 3000 b.c.e., the Sumerians kept records on clay tablets; many of those records applied to the management practices of the priests of Ur. Early Babylonia

Animal Behavior free essay sample

Conflict is very common in the animal kingdom. In many cases conflict between animals is resolved by actual fighting, but there are also many examples of fighting, some of which end up in the death of the opponent. From observations of animal conflict it is clear that some circumstances are more conductive to fighting than others. Animals do not always fight when given the opportunity and some individuals vary in the readiness with which they resort to fighting. Such differences in agonistic behavior often reflect an animal? chance of winning or getting injured and the importance of the issue concerned. The benefits of fighting are quite obvious in many cases. The winner can gain exclusive use of a resource such as a food source or may obtain exclusive mating rights whereas losers gain either nothing or only partial access. The more aggressive an animal is, the more benefits it is likely to gain, but if an animal is too aggressive it might face unacceptably high costs, such as seriou s injury, so the animal must weigh up the relative costs and benefits of its action and choose an optimum level of aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Animal Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If the costs are too high, and the benefits are too low; avoiding a fight may be preferable to competing. In other cases it may be worth fighting vigorously for a valuable resource. I think that any race, species, or other group of animals feels morally free to torture, injure, psychologically brutalize, capture, destroy, genocide, and generally toy with the lives of less important species while still feeling morally superior by virtue of the fact that they would never do such horrible things to their own kind. Particularly, animals would never kill anyone of their own kind, and look down on other races, who prove their barbarity through killing each other. Animals dont necessarily think theyre morally superior because they dont kill each other. They just think theyre better, and the fact that they dont kill each other is indirect proof of that. If they do start killing each other, dont expect them to suddenly realize theyre no better. Theyve probably got tons more reasons why theyre better, all of them as irrational as that one.

Analytical Procedures Essays

Analytical Procedures Essays Analytical Procedures Essay Analytical Procedures Essay Essay Topic: Analytical The objective of analytical procedures used in the overall review stage of the audit is to assist the auditor in assessing the conclusions reached and in the evaluation of the overall financial statement presentation. A wide variety of analytical procedures may be useful for this purpose. The overall review would generally include reading the financial statements and notes and considering (a) the adequacy of evidence gathered in response to unusual or unexpected balances identified in planning the audit or in the course of the audit and (b) unusual or unexpected balances or relationships that were not previously identified. Results of an overall review may indicate that additional evidence may be needed. [Paragraph renumbered by the issuance of Statement on Auditing Standards No. 96, January 2002. ] (AU Section 329 Analytical Procedures, 2002) The debt to equity ratio is computed by dividing total liabilities by total stockholder’s equity. The ratio measures how the company is leveraging its debt against the capital employed by its owners. If l liabilities exceed the net worth then in that case the creditors have more stake than the shareholders. The gross margin on net sales is computed by dividing gross profit by net sales. The gross profit margin is a measure of the gross profit earned on sales. The gross profit margin considers the firms cost of goods sold, but does not include other costs. By analyzing changes in this figure, you can identify whether it is necessary to examine company policies relating to credit extension, markups (or markdowns, purchasing, or general merchandising (where applicable). This percentage rate can and will vary greatly from business to business, even those within the same industry. Sales, location, size of operations, and intensity of competition are all factors that can affect the gross profit rate. The current ratio is computed by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The ratio is regarded as a test of liquidity for a company. It expresses the working capital relationship of current assets available to meet the company’s current obligations. Debt to Equity RatioIndustry Average total liabilities= $ 7,589,482. 00 = $ 0. 80 2. 58 total stockholders equity $ 9,520,580. 00 Gross Margin on Net Sales Gross Profit= $ 7,287,064. 00 = $ 0. 8 23. 11% Net Sales $ 26,420,363. 00 Current Ratio Current Assets= $ 16,513,545. 00 = $ 2. 18 1. 21 Current Debt $ 7,589,482. 00 Conclusion: Based on the end of the audit analysis, I believe this business will continue in business. The debt to equity ratio tells me the business isn’t heavily financed by shareholders’. For every dollar of OceanView Marine Company owned by shareholders, OceanView owes $0 . 80 to creditors. The ratio is low compared to the industry average and may indicate the company is not taking advantage of other opportunities that financial leverage may bring. The gross margin on net sales ratio is high compared to the industry average. This ratio reveals how much a company earns taking into consideration the costs that it incurs for producing its products and or services. Higher ratios indicate the company may have more money left over to spend on other business operations. The current ratio is higher than the industry average as well. This is also good because the ratio is mainly used to give an idea of the company’s ability to pay back short-term liabilities with its short-term assets. ? Cash Fraud Article: Phoney MI5 stole ? 4,000 from girlfriend An assistant of an Oxford whisky shop conned his girlfriend out of â‚ ¬14,000 ($20,000) by pretending to be an undercover secret service agent spying on dangerous crimes. Wayne Gouveia convinced his 21 year old girlfriend Leanne McCarthy that he was a MI5 agent sent to protect her. Leanne worked in a nearby jewelry store, Rowell Jewelry in Turl Street, Oxford. Wayne and Leanne began dating in 2007. Wayne showered her with expensive gifts and the couple moved in together. He claimed he could afford so many presents because he also worked as an undercover policeman. Wayne told her his assignment was to protect her during a robbery that her boss was planning to collect insurance payout. He also told her that her boss was trying to poison her with anthrax powder as part of the scheme. He gained her trust by producing a false Official Secrets Act for her to sign. He told her his boss wanted to recruit her as a spy and he took her on fictional security service stake outs. She in turned allowed him to intercept all her mail, including bank cards and PINs because she believed it was laced with anthrax. Wayne was able to scam her out of her savings and financial details to defraud her of ? 14,000. He admitted to three charges of fraud by false representation at Oxford Crown Court. He was convicted March 2009 to an eighteen month sentence. He was 25 at the time of sentencing. Bibliography AU Section 329 Analytical Procedures. (2002). Retrieved November 8, 2010, from Public Company Accounting Oversight Board: http://pcaobus. org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU329. aspx#ps-pcaob_5d327f5c-52fb-433d-80d4-8f51565bbfe7 Bonnett, R. (2009, April 10). Fake Spies The Conmen Who didnt Work For MI5. Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Robert Bonetts Blog: http://robertbonnett. com/2009/04/10/the-fake-mi5-spies/ Kelly, T. (2009, February 19). Phoney MI5 spy stole 14000 pounds from girlfriend. Retrieved December 2010, 2010, from Mail Online: dailymail. co. uk/news/article-1148759/Phoney-MI5-spy-stole-14-000-girlfriend. html Three of The Worst Fraud Cases of 2009. (2010, February 23). Retrieved December 02, 2010, from Articlebase: articlesbase. com/print/1896090

Circadian rhythm essay Essay Example

Circadian rhythm essay Essay Example Circadian rhythm essay Paper Circadian rhythm essay Paper Introduction Circadian is a combination of two Latin words, â€Å"circa† that means about and â€Å"dia† that means day. The literal meaning of circadian is â€Å"about a day.† Simply put then, Circadian Rhythm is the regular flow of activity within a day. Human Circadian Rhythms are biological activities that follow a 24-hour cycle regulated by the human â€Å"biological clock† (Klein, et al., 2007). This â€Å"biological clock† tells the body how to respond accurately to the changing settings in the environment. One of the most evident bodily functions related to the Circadian Rhythm is sleep. Sleep helps the body â€Å"re-set† at least every 24 hours. It is controlled by external cues, particularly the rising and setting of the sun. This is called the sleep-wake pattern. It relies on light (Silva, Albuquerque and Araujo, 2005) to indicate time. The rising and setting of the sun is the most powerful control of the rhythms. This is the reason why humans are normally asleep at night and awake in the day. The Circadian Rhythm has both endogenous and exogenous components (Thomas, 2003). The endogenous component is the human internal clock that is controlled by the brain’s hypothalamus. It sets cues as to when a certain body function is expected to run. On the other hand, the exogenous component comprises external cues from the environment. These external cues act as stimuli to body functions. Circadian Rhythms need both components to work. Regulated temperature is an example of the endogenous and exogenous components working together. The onset of the Circadian Rhythms is believed to be during the fist 6 months of life (Pobojewski, 2007). During this time the human body already adapts to certain cycles and set of normal activities. The body learns periods of sleeping, eating, excreting and maintaining of vital signs. Discrepancies in these cycles usually create an unwanted response. It is safe to assume that once the human body learns such cycles, it would be very difficult to break them. The Human Circadian Rhythm is as individual as humans themselves. No two Circadian Rhythm patterns are alike. Each is developed and enhanced according to the individual’s set of cues, both endogenous and exogenous. There are some instances when an individual has to ignore the Circadian Rhythm. This is possible only for a short period of time. Many diagnosed illnesses are often related to prolonged disruption of the Circadian Rhythm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Arguably the most common characteristic present among things with life, the Circadian Rhythm, is as prominent in animals as it is in human beings. The storing of nuts by a squirrel, the spinning of webs by a spider, the burying of eggs in the beach by a turtle, the feeling of hunger during lunch by a human being are all controlled by the Circadian Rhythms. In fact, animals rely heavily on their own â€Å"biological clocks† to complete many of their regular activities (Labak, 2005).   Animals are driven by their â€Å"biological clocks† to mating so that they can give birth during the mild seasons, when food is abundant. The light/dark pattern is important to animals. Animals that rely on vision to forage for food are most active in the day. On the other hand, those that are capable of activity with minimal dependence to sight are usually active at night. Animals take their cues for migration and hibernation from the length of days that indicate the turn of seasons. What humans normally refer to as instincts in animals are actually Circadian Rhythms in action. They are the driving force to all animal activities. A number of studies have been conducted that correlates body functions with the Circadian Rhythm. Studies have been conducted to assess the effects of the rhythms to various mental and psychological disorders. It has also been scrutinized against many physiological illnesses, more specifically when the rhythms are disrupted. However in more recent times, the Circadian Rhythm has been studied for the purpose of performance enhancement. In fact, more and more studies are being conducted of the Circadian Rhythm and its relation to athletic performance. In many cases, the rhythms have been found to have a significant effect (Klein, 2007). The Circadian Rhythm and its effects are now slowly being considered in design of training regimens and performance assessments. This paper aims to present a clearer understanding of the relationship between the Circadian Rhythm and human activity. Through experimentation, the significance of the Circadian Rhythm will be highlighted. In the end an inference of how to maximize this relationship will be drawn. Materials and Method Section Animal physiology 433 laboratory class designed a lab experiment to study biological rhythms. The study of biological rhythms took place during the winter quarter of 2008. There were eighty-nine students selected to participate in this study. Four types of measurement tests were chosen to study rhythms. These tests included measurements of pulse rate, eye-hand coordination, adding speed, and body temperature. The measurement were collected every two hours during the 24-hour period. Each student had one week to gather their data. While collecting the data, the student was required to disturb their â€Å"normal sleep and awakening time†, meaning that students had to wake up in the middle of the night or interrupt their daily schedule to collect data. The collection data during the rest phase needs to be gathered right away when student wakes up without getting up from the bed. It is recommended that each student divided their rest phase measurement for different nights, instead of taking all measurements in one night. They performed the pulse measurement. There were several ways to measure the pulse rate. One way was to place the index finger on the side of the wrist, just above the wrist bone, and press lightly. The beats were counted for one minute or for 10 seconds and multiplied by six. Another way to measure pulse was by taking the pulse from the artery to the right or left near the Adam’s apple and counting the beats per minute. Students performed the eye-hand coordination test. Using the dominant had, touch the index finger with the thumb and count â€Å"1†, then take the thumb and touch the middle finger and count â€Å"2†. Once the thumb is touching the little finger get to the little finger, count â€Å"4†. Now count by going backward, first touching the ring finger and count â€Å"5†, then the middle finger and count â€Å"6† and to the index finger and count â€Å"7†. Perform these procedures until have reached the count to â€Å"25†. At â€Å"25†, the thumb and the index finger must be touching each other. Try to practice the movement before doing the actual measurement. If a student makes a mistake then is required to start counting over again. Student needs to record how many times it takes to complete the correct count.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Student measured adding speed. For this test, the required material is a table of one digit numbers placed in columns. Using a piece of paper, the student should place it at the bottom of the second row of numbers. As the student moves the paper down to the third row the student needs to add the first and the second row numbers. Move the paper down to the third row and add second and third line. Add only two lines at the same time by continuing to count until added the entire column. Finally record the time that is took to complete this procedure. Use different column for each circadian time period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Measurement is oral temperature. Student should beging by using a reusable thermometer to measure the temperature. Taking the thermometer and place it under the tongue for one minute. After a minute passes readily read the thermometer by looking at the last black dot, it will show the temperature in Fahrenheit. Finally, rinse the thermometer with soapy water or wipe with rubbing alcohol. Dry it and store in the thermometer case. Results   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study of circadian rhythms over the 24-hour period has shown the following results. According to Figure 1, the highest heart rate was recorded between 1200-2000 and lowest heart rate was at 400. The maximum heart rate was approximately 78 beats per minute during the hours 1200-2000 or from 1000-2200. The minimum heart rate was at 0400 about 65 beats per minute or between 0200-0600.   The mean heart rate is significantly different between midnight and daytime (P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The highest eye-hand coordination count is at 400 in the morning and lowest at 1200. It takes about 11 sec to perform eye-hand coordination test at 0400 or between hours of 0200-0600. And the minimum is at 1200 (7 sec) or between hours of 0800-2200.The mean eye-hand coordination is significantly differ at 0400 than eye-hand coordination count between noon (Figure 2, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The maximum number of mistakes is at 0400 (1 number of mistakes) or between 0200-0400. On the other hand, the minimum is from 0600-2400 (between 0.2-0.6 number of mistakes). The mean number of trials with mistakes have differ significantly during the night that during the daytime (Figure 3, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest values for adding speed occur at 0400 and lowest value is between   1200-1400 and 2000. Being maximum at 0400 (77 sec) or from 2400-0800 and minimum is between 1200-1400 and 2000 (approximately 53 sec) or between 0600-2400 The mean adding speed is significantly differ at 400 than during the daytime (Figure 4, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). The highest body temperature observed between 1400-1800 hours and the lowest at 0400. Maximum at 1400-1800 (97 °F) or 1000-2200 and minimum at 0400 (96 °F ) or 2400-0800. The mean oral temperature at midnight is also significantly lower than temperature between 1400-1800 (Figure 5, P0.05, Turkey’s HSD test). Discussion: In the past, several studies have been conducted to demonstrate the diurnal variations that occur in the heart beat.   One of the main factors that control the heart beat include the two components of the autonomic nervous system, namely, the sympathetic component and the parasympathetic component.   Both these components have opposing actions.   A study conducted by Stein et al (2006) demonstrated that the heart rate variations are very much dependent on the circadian cycle compared to the ultradian cycle.   Stein et al involved about 113 subjects in his study between the ages 48 to 68.   He included about 68 men and 48 women.   One of the main instruments utilized in his study was an overnight polysomnographic ECG, which could help determine the heart rate and record the diurnal variation. In another study conducted by Bonnemeier et al (2003), demonstrated that during vagal stimulation had a significant role over the heart rate.   In turn, the vagus stimulation was controlled by the circadian cycle.   With age, there was a decrease in the vagal stimulation leading to decreased in the parasympathetic activity at night times.   Bonnemeier et al utilized 166 healthy subjects who did not suffer from any cardiac disorder.   About 85 women and 80 men, between the ages of 30 to 55 years formed a part of this study. Several external and internal factors helped to control temperature including circadian factors, menstrual factors, etc.   Sund-Levander et al who conducted several experiments on temperature variation found that the time of the day and then season, had a significant role over temperature.   Recently, it was found that time of the day controlled the temperature from an internal mechanism rather than an external.   Between the 1960’s, 1970’s and the 1980’s, more than 2700 articles have been published the internal role the circadian cycle has over body temperature variation.   Some of the factors that had a role over the circadian cycle included the light and day cycles and the meal timings.   Earlier study conducted by Kelly Greg et al in 2006 demonstrated that the temperature of the body was lowest between 3 am to 6 am and highest between 4 pm to 9 pm.   The difference between these two temperatures was about 1.8 degrees F.   Greg also found that se veral other factors could affect this variation in temperature. Although no current evidence is available to demonstrate that maximum number of human errors occurs during 2 am to 4 am, current literature suggest that the human tendency to make mistakes is higher during the early morning period.   This is because relatively fewer research studies have been conducted in this area.   One of the vital areas in which attention is required by the personnel is the night shifts in the trauma unit of a hospital.   Studies have shown that as these personnel experience a disruption of the circadian cycle, they are bound to make mistakes in the early morning hours.   Fatigue has been one of the causes for these errors.   In the past, 4 major disasters in the World have occurred due to disasters by the personnel during the early morning hours.   Scientists suggest that the human body circadian cycle is tuned in such a way that during the early morning hours, human physical and mental activity is minimized (Duncan, Jha, Bates, 2001). A study was conducted by Edwards et al (2008) to determine the level of accuracy at different times of the day in order to determine the effect on circadian cycle.   The individuals had to aim at a target and reach the center of the target as close as possible.   This task required a great level of eye-hand coordination.   Before the performance of the task, the oral temperature was recorded.   This study demonstrated a close relationship between the oral temperature and performance levels (Edwards et al, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it can be said that the findings of this study have been consistent with that of the past studies.   The results of this study seem to be very specific and precise, as it points out to specific periods in a 24-hour cycle.   Such data needs to be studied further through advanced studies, and of in consistent results are obtained, could the results of this study be utilized for practical purposes.   Besides, long-term studies need to be performed in individuals with a disturbance in the circadian cycle. References: Bonnemeier H, Richardt G, Potratz J et al (2003). †Circadian profile of cardiac autonomic nervous modulation in healthy subjects: differing effects of aging and gender on heart rate variability.† J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 14(8), 791-799. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890036?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Duncan, B. W., Jha, A.K., Bates, D. W. (2001). â€Å"Chapter 46. Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Medical Errors.† In. Shojania, K. G., Duncan, B. W., McDonald, K. M. et al (Ed). Making Health Care Safer A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices, Rockville: AHRQ. ahrq.gov/Clinic/ptsafety/index.html#toc Edwards, B., Waterhouse, J., Reilly, T. (2008). â€Å"Circadian rhythms and their association with body temperature and time awake when performing a simple task with the dominant and non-dominant hand.† Chronobiol Int., 25(1), 115-32. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18293153?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Kelly, G. (2006). â€Å"Body Temperature Variability (Part 1): A Review of the History of Body Temperature and its Variability Due to Site Selection, Biological Rhythms, Fitness, and Aging.† Alternate Medicine Review, 11(4). 278-293. thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/11/4/278.pdf Stein, P. K., Domitrovich, P. P., Lundequam, E. J. et al (2006). â€Å"Circadian and ultradian rhythms in heart rate variability.† Biomed Tech (Berl), 51(4), 155-158. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17061928?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1 Number of pages: 2 (Double Spaced) [?] Deadline: February 27 7:33 [?] T Number of sources: 5 [?] Style: APA  [?] Urgency:   Ã‚   4 days Time remaining: 1 days 23 hours 48 minutes Status: Order is available Messages: 0 [?] Files: 3 Description: [?] Preferred language style: English(U.S.) Draft Discussion and Literature Cited Sections Dear writer, Now I need to write a discussion section for my paper. You already wrote the introduction section for me, I wrote the material method section, and the result. Can you please help me to write a discussion. It needs to contain the following information: 1. Provides 4-5 general statements that interpret the results of the current study. 2. These general statements are the topic (first) or concluding (last) sentences of the paragraphs. 3. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the current study, including whether or not the current results agree with previously reported results. 4. The general statements are expanded upon with support from the literature. The supporting statements are referenced with Figure numbers ( Figure 1, 2,3,4 or 5) or literature citations that are in one of two forms (Last names of authors, year of publication) or (number from literature cited section). 5. The final paragraph in the Discussion section contains a concluding statement that summarizes the current findings in relation to previous work and a sentence that states whether or not the current findings support or refute the original hypothesis. 6. General: a. Flow of the narrative, i.e. is there a logical organization to the sentences in the text? Is the reader taken on a journey by the author that culminates in the final conclusion? b. The narrative provides the average biological scientist with a general understanding of the results of the current study and their relationship to previous research findings. Literature Cited: 1. Includes at least 5 references, at most one reference is a textbook and 1 is a review article. 2. References are numbered and listed in alphabetical order. 3. All references cited in the text are found in the Literature Cited section. 4. All references cited in the Literature Cited section can be found in the text. The sources must be primary because last time they were not. A primary source articles contain a full research report including all of the details necessary to duplicate a study. A primary source article usually contains the followings sections: an abstract that summarizes the paper, an introduction that contains the rationale for the study, a method section that describes in detail the subjects or participants in the study and the procedure, stimuli and equipment used in the study, a results section that describes what was found and any statistical analyses that were performed, a discussion section that explores the implications of the findings, and a references section that lists the literature cited throughout the paper. Primary source articles are most often found in scientific journals. I will also attach the lecture notes that my teacher gave us on circadian rhythm. You cant use lecture as a primary source, but the pdf file with graph contain some primary sources underneath the graphs that could be used for this paper. The lecture notes explain the details of each graph very well. You can use 2 sources from the pdf file, then one has to be a book, and another 2 primarily articles. Please paraphrase the text and do not use direct quotes as you did for the introduction section. Also use simple language so that the paper will flow. Contact me if you have any questions.

How Environmental Factors Can Affect the Business Organization Essay

How Environmental Factors Can Affect the Business Organization - Essay Example By 2005, it had over 80 employees and several customers, which ranges from supermarkets, restaurants, cafes, and households. The company will be used as a case study to answer the questions in the subsequent paragraphs. Open system approach to organizations An open approach system to organization implies that an organization interacts with its outside environment, which in turn influences the structure and operations of the organization. The fact that an open system interacts with the outside environment implies that an organization is an open system should always adapt to changes in the environment. For a long time, Icy Foods Ltd. has been operating on informal basis judging, by the way, operations are loosely divided into five departments with no clear-cut framework. Moreover, the company used to accept orders with less or no regard to quality or quantity specifications of the product. This lack of organization explains why the company lacked customers from major supermarket chains . The other apparent misgiving that characterized Icy Foods Ltd. is the lack of clear division of labor and specialization. This fact is inherent in the way the company conducts job rotations (Weiner, 2002). Job rotation is not a good concept because it does not give the employees the chance to gain experience in a given line of duty. The fact that the company did not embrace quality and efficiency in its operations negatively affected its business performance. Before the takeover by Megastores Plc., the company had adopted an organic organization structure in managing the various operations. The management, prior to the takeover, operated an open-door policy. The management was keen on hearing employee’s ideas on new products and operational improvements. There was also a flexible approach to handling employees’ issues such as working hours and leave. After the successful takeover, the management came up with a raft of new changes that were more bureaucratic as oppose d to the organic system that the management had used to all along. The company adopted strict operational procedures that all the workers were compelled to follow to the latter. The new management placed much emphasis on operational efficiency, and work was based on performance. Decisions at the company were made unilaterally by the management without any consultations whatsoever, with the stakeholders. The human-resource department was formed to manage the human-resource issues. This bureaucratic approach to management led to high turnover at the organization. Moreover, it resulted in low motivation levels among the employees (Cassidy & Kreitner, 2009). It is worth noting that bureaucratic approach to management of the organization has one critical advantage, which is an improvement of efficiency in operation and management of the resources of the organization. Since the adoption of the bureaucratic leadership style at the organization, the efficiency at the organization has improv ed by a whopping 35%. How environmental factors can affect the business organization The year, 2005-2010 saw several changes in the business environment that adversely affected the business performance of Icy Foods Ltd. The fact that major supermarket chains dominated the ready foods market drove out of the market the smaller retail outlets from a business.  

Implementation Managers Toolkit Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Implementation Managers Toolkit - Term Paper Example The checklist will explain the relevance of the communication process particularly on the part of the employees as the recipients (Prosci’s Communication Checklist 2006). Although this can be done in various ways, e.g., newsletter, memorandum, etc., a more effective way is by doing it face-to-face. Also, it should be a two-way process wherein the employees are given the chance to share its feedback and opinion. Resistance is a normal reaction from employees and this is also the best time that the sponsors of change must be present. Awareness on the roles and responsibilities of the sponsors, senior leaders, managers and supervisors are being determined through the use of sponsorship checklist (Prosci’s Sponsorship Checklist 2006). The checklist had also examined the degree of commitment and involvement of the project team in making changes successful. Before the new system or project is to be implemented, a data conversion plan is to be considered as one of the important steps for conversion process. The plan clearly defines the system or project as it outlines the process, approach, tools, assumptions, strategies and preparation as the prerequisite steps in the migration of data (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 2010). Data are usually translated from one format to another or from an existing system to another hardware or software environment to determine the condition of the original system. A conversion plan is needed in an information system that uses data just like a total relocation of office management files. A well-thought-out plan that will be used during the conversion is very necessary because this kind of move is not something that is regularly done. Still, the overall discretion of the plan is on the hands of the project manager and the integrated project team because the items addressed in the plan are not detailed. Information system in the organization usually involves technology either

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Example for Free

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay How IT drives the UPS operation worldwide. Using smart people and smart technology, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected to UPS main databases located in seventeen major data centers throughout through out the world. Case United Parcel Services global operations are driven by its information systems technology. What UPS can do is largely a function of its information technology investments. Beginning as a local delivery service in 1907, UPS expanded on the West coast initially, reached New York in the 1930s, and went international in the 1970s. Today, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wireless connected to UPS main databases located in seventeen major data centers throughout through out the world. A multi-year, multibillion dollar investment in technology drove the growth of UPS over the last twenty five years beginning in 1990. This investment enabled the development of the DIAD, the Delivery Information Acquisition Device. DIAD is a key element in UPSs business technology platform. Company spokesmen say that UPS revolutionized the package delivery business in 1991 when it developed and deployed the first Delivery Information Acquisition Device, known as the DIAD. More than twenty years later, UPS continues its pioneering development efforts with the fourth generation of the DIAD the DIAD IV. To ensure maximum flexibility in field transmission capabilities, DIAD IV includes multiple wireless connectivity options. Each DIAD IV features a built-in GPRS and CDMA radio, an acoustical modem to facilitate dial-up access if necessary, and 802. 11b wireless local area network connectivity to enable transmission in a UPS center. The DIAD IV also features a Bluetooth wireless personal area network and an infrared (IrDA) port to communicate with peripheral devices and customer PCs/printers. DIAD IV introduces a revolutionary new feature Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) to the handheld terminal market. UPS plans to use this technology to provide drivers with more detailed directions to pick-up and delivery points in order to improve customer service. The monochrome screen on previous DIADS will be replaced with a color screen that accommodates more information which can be displayed in an easier-to-read, more attractive manner. The color screen also enables UPS to color-code messages transmitted to a drivers DIAD. Urgent customer pickup messages, for example, can be color-coded to alert the driver. In addition, the DIAD IV contains 128 megabytes of memory 20 times the capacity of the DIAD III. UPS will use this expanded capacity to provide new and improved customer services. Like its predecessors, the DIAD IVs battery lasts an entire work day. The DIAD IV sends delivery information to the UPS data repository as soon as the delivery information is entered. Drivers simply scan the package bar code, collect the receivers signature electronically, type in the Copyright Notice This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from this site should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. last name of the receiver and push a single key to complete the transaction and send the data. There is no need to activate a cell phone or return to the vehicle. Part of what makes the DIAD such a powerful tool is the system ODS (On-Demand Services) that enables communication with the driver. Every UPS driver automatically logs into the ODS system first thing in the morning. This allows dispatchers and center management to access the driver via his/her DIAD throughout the day by sending generalized text messages. Virtually all drivers start their day with a list of predefined customer pickup locations for that day. Thanks to ODS, the addition of a one-time pickup can be added to a drivers work list on-the-fly, enabling UPS to take best advantage of the geographic location of its entire fleet for servicing pickup requests. By using the DIAD, UPS eliminates the use of 59 million sheets of paper per year. The DIAD IV is the most comprehensive tracking device in the delivery industry, combining data collection and transmission technologies, digital signature capture, extensive expandable memory and rugged construction to withstand extreme temperatures and hard falls. Other Features The UPS technology infrastructure enables UPS to offer its customers many services, such as package tracking, freight planning, and freight truck packing optimization, in addition to the basic shipment of packages.

Comparing Dreams in Catcher in the Rye, Night, and Their Eyes Were Watc

Dreams in Catcher in the Rye, Night, and Their Eyes Were Watching God   Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the novels Catcher in the Rye, Night, and Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main characters seem to have a dream. In their stories, Holden, Elie, and Janie tell the reader whether or not their dream was successful.    In Catcher in the Rye, Holden's dream is to be the catcher in the rye, meaning he wants to stop children or anything that may still be innocent from falling over the edge. This basically means he wants to preserve the innocence. That's why he likes Phoebe so much, because she's still young and youthful, and most importantly innocent.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel charts Holden's experiences over a long period of time. It starts on a Saturday in December just before school closes for Christmas break. He has been informed of his expulsion from Pencey Prep School. What worries him most about being kicked out of school is his parents' reaction, for he has already been expelled from other educational institutions. Soon, Holden decides to go to New York. Holden encounters a large number of people as he travels the city of New York and goes into nightclubs.    Holden looks for some amount of understanding and acceptance from all the characters he encounters, even taxi drivers, but he is denied his needs. As a result, Holden feels dislocated, as though he does not belong anywhere, and he is right. It becomes obvious through his meetings that he is in an entirely different path than the rest of the world. Each time Holden opens up himself, he is rewarded with rejection, until he is finally driven to almost a schizophrenic condition. With his mental health deteriorating, Holden returns to his parents' home,... ...cts herself by firing a rifle at him. She is then tried for his murder.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In spite of the tragic circumstances and the hurricane and Tea Cake's death, the novel has a happy ending, for Janie is found innocent of murder and given a chance to run her life and find out who she really is. In telling her tale, it is obvious that she feels like a satisfied woman who has recognized love and has precious memories to surround her.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If Janie's soul were to come out and see life, it would, unlike the others, be very pleased to see that her hearts desires were fulfilled.    Those were the dreams of Holden Caulfield, Elie Wiesel, and Janie Crawford-Woods.    Sources Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper & Row, 1937. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher In The Rye. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1951.   

The Lost Symbol Chapter 127-128

CHAPTER 127 The breeze felt cold outside CIA headquarters in Langley. Nola Kaye was shivering as she followed sys-sec Rick Parrish across the agency's moonlit central courtyard. Where is Rick taking me? The crisis of the Masonic video had been averted, thank God, but Nola still felt uneasy. The redacted file on the CIA director's partition remained a mystery, and it was nagging at her. She and Sato would debrief in the morning, and Nola wanted all the facts. Finally, she had called Rick Parrish and demanded his help. Now, as she followed Rick to some unknown location outside, Nola could not push the bizarre phrases from her memory: Secret location underground where the . . . somewhere in Washington, D.C., the coordinates . . . uncovered an ancient portal that led . . . warning the pyramid holds dangerous . . . decipher this engraved symbolon to unveil . . . â€Å"You and I agree,† Parrish said as they walked, â€Å"that the hacker who spidered those keywords was definitely searching for information about the Masonic Pyramid.† Obviously, Nola thought. â€Å"It turns out, though, the hacker stumbled onto a facet of the Masonic mystery I don't think he expected.† â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"Nola, you know how the CIA director sponsors an internal discussion forum for Agency employees to share their ideas about all kinds of things?† â€Å"Of course.† The forums provided Agency personnel a safe place to chat online about various topics and gave the director a kind of virtual gateway to his staff. â€Å"The director's forums are hosted on his private partition, and yet in order to provide access to employees of all clearance levels, they're located outside the director's classified firewall.† â€Å"What are you getting at?† she demanded as they rounded a corner near the Agency cafeteria. â€Å"In a word . . .† Parrish pointed into the darkness. â€Å"That.† Nola glanced up. Across the plaza in front of them was a massive metal sculpture glimmering in the moonlight. In an agency that boasted over five hundred pieces of original art, this sculpture–titled Kryptos–was by far the most famous. Greek for â€Å"hidden,† Kryptos was the work of American artist James Sanborn and had become something of a legend here at the CIA. The work consisted of a massive S-shaped panel of copper, set on its edge like a curling metal wall. Engraved into the expansive surface of the wall were nearly two thousand letters . . . organized into a baffling code. As if this were not enigmatic enough, positioned carefully in the area around the encrypted S-wall were numerous other sculptural elements–granite slabs at odd angles, a compass rose, a magnetic lodestone, and even a message in Morse code that referenced â€Å"lucid memory† and â€Å"shadow forces.† Most fans believed that these pieces were clues that would reveal how to decipher the sculpture. Kryptos was art . . . but it was also an enigma. Attempting to decipher its encoded secret had become an obsession for cryptologists both inside and outside the CIA. Finally, a few years back, a portion of the code had been broken, and it became national news. Although much of Kryptos's code remained unsolved to this day, the sections that had been deciphered were so bizarre that they made the sculpture only more mysterious. It referenced secret underground locations, portals that led into ancient tombs, longitudes and latitudes . . . Nola could still recall bits and pieces of the deciphered sections: The information was gathered and transmitted underground to an unknown location . . . It was totally invisible . . . hows that possible . . . they used the earths magnetic field . . . Nola had never paid much attention to the sculpture or cared if it was ever fully deciphered. At the moment, however, she wanted answers. â€Å"Why are you showing me Kryptos?† Parrish gave her a conspiratorial smile and dramatically extracted a folded sheet of paper from his pocket. â€Å"Voila, the mysterious redacted document you were so concerned about. I accessed the complete text.† Nola jumped. â€Å"You snooped the director's classified partition?† â€Å"No. That's what I was getting at earlier. Have a look.† He handed her the file. Nola seized the page and unfolded it. When she saw the standard Agency headers at the top of the page, she cocked her head in surprise. This document was not classified. Not even close. EMPLOYEE DISCUSSION BOARD: KRYPTOS COMPRESSED STORAGE: THREAD #2456282.5 Nola found herself looking at a series of postings that had been compressed into a single page for more efficient storage. â€Å"Your keyword document,† Rick said, â€Å"is some cipher-punks rambling about Kryptos.† Nola scanned down the document until she spotted a sentence containing a familiar set of keywords. Jim, the sculpture says it was transmitted to a secret location UNDERGROUND where the info was hidden. â€Å"This text is from the director's online Kryptos forum,† Rick explained. â€Å"The forum's been going for years. There are literally thousands of postings. I'm not surprised one of them happened to contain all the keywords.† Nola kept scanning down until she spotted another posting containing keywords. Even though Mark said the code's lat/long headings point somewhere in WASHINGTON, D.C., the coordinates he used were off by one degree–Kryptos basically points back to itself. Parrish walked over to the statue and ran his palm across the cryptic sea of letters. â€Å"A lot of this code has yet to be deciphered, and there are plenty of people who think the message might actually relate to ancient Masonic secrets.† Nola now recalled murmurs of a Masonic/Kryptos link, but she tended to ignore the lunatic fringe. Then again, looking around at the various pieces of the sculpture arranged around the plaza, she realized that it was a code in pieces–a symbolon–just like the Masonic Pyramid. Odd. For a moment, Nola could almost see Kryptos as a modern Masonic Pyramid–a code in many pieces, made of different materials, each playing a role. â€Å"Do you think there's any way Kryptos and the Masonic Pyramid might be hiding the same secret?† â€Å"Who knows?† Parrish shot Kryptos a frustrated look. â€Å"I doubt we'll ever know the whole message. That is, unless someone can convince the director to unlock his safe and sneak a peek at the solution.† Nola nodded. It was all coming back to her now. When Kryptos was installed, it arrived with a sealed envelope containing a complete decryption of the sculpture's codes. The sealed solution was entrusted to then – CIA director William Webster, who locked it in his office safe. The document was allegedly still there, having been transferred from director to director over the years. Strangely, Nola's thoughts of William Webster sparked her memory, bringing back yet another portion of Kryptos's deciphered text: IT'S BURIED OUT THERE SOMEWHERE. WHO KNOWS THE EXACT LOCATION? ONLY WW. Although nobody knew exactly what was buried out there, most people believed the WW was a reference to William Webster. Nola had heard whispers once that it referred in fact to a man named William Whiston–a Royal Society theologian–although she had never bothered to give it much thought. Rick was talking again. â€Å"I've got to admit, I'm not really into artists, but I think this guy Sanborn's a serious genius. I was just looking online at his Cyrillic Projector project? It shines giant Russian letters from a KGB document on mind control. Freaky.† Nola was no longer listening. She was examining the paper, where she had found the third key phrase in another posting. Right, that whole section is verbatim from some famous archaeologist's diary, telling about the moment he dug down and uncovered an ANCIENT PORTAL that led to the tomb of Tutankhamen. The archaeologist who was quoted on Kryptos, Nola knew, was in fact famed Egyptologist Howard Carter. The next posting referenced him by name. I just skimmed the rest of Carter's field notes online, and it sounds like he found a clay tablet warning the PYRAMID holds dangerous consequences for anyone who disturbs the peace of the pharaoh. A curse! Should we be worried? 🙂 Nola scowled. â€Å"Rick, for God's sake, this idiot's pyramid reference isn't even right. Tutankhamen wasn't buried in a pyramid. He was buried in the Valley of the Kings. Don't cryptologists watch the Discovery Channel?† Parrish shrugged. â€Å"Techies.† Nola now saw the final key phrase. Guys, you know I'm not a conspiracy theorist, but Jim and Dave had better decipher this ENGRAVED SYMBOLON to unveil its final secret before the world ends in 2012 . . . Ciao. â€Å"Anyhow,† Parrish said, â€Å"I figured you'd want to know about the Kryptos forum before you accused the CIA director of harboring classified documentation about an ancient Masonic legend. Somehow, I doubt a man as powerful as the CIA director has time for that sort of thing.† Nola pictured the Masonic video and its images of all the influential men participating in an ancient rite. If Rick had any idea . . . In the end, she knew, whatever Kryptos ultimately revealed, the message definitely had mystical undertones. She gazed up at the gleaming piece of art–a three-dimensional code standing silently at the heart of one of the nation's premier intelligence agencies–and she wondered if it would ever give up its final secret. As she and Rick headed back inside, Nola had to smile. It's buried out there somewhere. CHAPTER 128 This is crazy. Blindfolded, Robert Langdon could see nothing as the Escalade sped southward along the deserted streets. On the seat beside him, Peter Solomon remained silent. Where is he taking me? Langdon's curiosity was a mix of intrigue and apprehension, his imagination in overdrive as it tried desperately to put the pieces together. Peter had not wavered from his claim. The Lost Word? Buried at the bottom of a staircase that's covered by a massive, engraved stone? It all seemed impossible. The stone's alleged engraving was still lodged in Langdon's memory . . . and yet the seven symbols, as far as he could tell, made no sense together at all. The Stonemason's Square: the symbol of honesty and being â€Å"true.† The letters Au: the scientific abbreviation for the element gold. The Sigma: the Greek letter S, the mathematical symbol for the sum of all parts. The Pyramid: the Egyptian symbol of man reaching heavenward. The Delta: the Greek letter D, the mathematical symbol for change. Mercury: as depicted by its most ancient alchemical symbol. The Ouroboros: the symbol of wholeness and at-one-ment. Solomon still insisted these seven symbols were a â€Å"message.† But if this was true, then it was a message Langdon had no idea how to read. The Escalade slowed suddenly and turned sharply right, onto a different surface, as if into a driveway or access road. Langdon perked up, listening intently for clues as to their whereabouts. They'd been driving for less than ten minutes, and although Langdon had tried to follow in his mind, he had lost his bearings quickly. For all he knew, they were now pulling back into the House of the Temple. The Escalade came to a stop, and Langdon heard the window roll down. â€Å"Agent Simkins, CIA,† their driver announced. â€Å"I believe you're expecting us.† â€Å"Yes, sir,† a sharp military voice replied. â€Å"Director Sato phoned ahead. One moment while I move the security barricade.† Langdon listened with rising confusion, now sensing they were entering a military base. As the car began moving again, along an unusually smooth stretch of pavement, he turned his head blindly toward Solomon. â€Å"Where are we, Peter?† he demanded. â€Å"Do not remove your blindfold.† Peter's voice was stern. The vehicle continued a short distance and again slowed to a stop. Simkins killed the engine. More voices. Military. Someone asked for Simkins's identification. The agent got out and spoke to the men in hushed tones. Langdon's door was suddenly being opened, and powerful hands assisted him out of the car. The air felt cold. It was windy. Solomon was beside him. â€Å"Robert, just let Agent Simkins lead you inside.† Langdon heard metal keys in a lock . . . and then the creak of a heavy iron door swinging open. It sounded like an ancient bulkhead. Where the hell are they taking me?! Simkins's hands guided Langdon in the direction of the metal door. They stepped over a threshold. â€Å"Straight ahead, Professor.† It was suddenly quiet. Dead. Deserted. The air inside smelled sterile and processed. Simkins and Solomon flanked Langdon now, guiding him blindly down a reverberating corridor. The floor felt like stone beneath his loafers. Behind them, the metal door slammed loudly, and Langdon jumped. The locks turned. He was sweating now beneath his blindfold. He wanted only to tear it off. They stopped walking now. Simkins let go of Langdon's arm, and there was a series of electronic beeps followed by an unexpected rumble in front of them, which Langdon imagined had to be a security door sliding open automatically. â€Å"Mr. Solomon, you and Mr. Langdon continue on alone. I'll wait for you here,† Simkins said. â€Å"Take my flashlight.† â€Å"Thank you,† Solomon said. â€Å"We won't be long.† Flashlight?! Langdon's heart was pounding wildly now. Peter took Langdon's arm in his own and inched forward. â€Å"Walk with me, Robert.† They moved slowly together across another threshold, and the security door rumbled shut behind them. Peter stopped short. â€Å"Is something wrong?† Langdon was suddenly feeling queasy and off balance. â€Å"I think I just need to take off this blindfold.† â€Å"Not yet, we're almost there.† â€Å"Almost where?† Langdon felt a growing heaviness in the pit of his stomach. â€Å"I told you–I'm taking you to see the staircase that descends to the Lost Word.† â€Å"Peter, this isn't funny!† â€Å"It's not meant to be. It's meant to open your mind, Robert. It's meant to remind you that there are mysteries in this world that even you have yet to lay eyes upon. And before I take one more step with you, I want you to do something for me. I want you to believe . . . just for an instant . . . believe in the legend. Believe that you are about to peer down a winding staircase that plunges hundreds of feet to one of humankind's greatest lost treasures.† Langdon felt dizzy. As much as he wanted to believe his dear friend, he could not. â€Å"Is it much farther?† His velvet hoodwink was drenched in sweat. â€Å"No. Only a few more steps, actually. Through one last door. I'll open it now.† Solomon let go of him for a moment, and as he did so, Langdon swayed, feeling light-headed. Unsteady, he reached out for stability, and Peter was quickly back at his side. The sound of a heavy automatic door rumbled in front of them. Peter took Langdon's arm and they moved forward again. â€Å"This way.† They inched across another threshold, and the door slid closed behind them. Silence. Cold. Langdon immediately sensed that this place, whatever it was, had nothing to do with the world on the other side of the security doors. The air was dank and chilly, like a tomb. The acoustics felt dull and cramped. He felt an irrational bout of claustrophobia settling in. â€Å"A few more steps.† Solomon guided him blindly around a corner and positioned him precisely. Finally, he said, â€Å"Take off your blindfold.† Langdon seized the velvet hoodwink and tore it from his face. He looked all around to find out where he was, but he was still blind. He rubbed his eyes. Nothing. â€Å"Peter, it's pitch-black!† â€Å"Yes, I know. Reach in front of you. There's a railing. Grasp it.† Langdon groped in the darkness and found an iron railing. â€Å"Now watch.† He could hear Peter fumbling with something, and suddenly a blazing flashlight beam pierced the darkness. It was pointed at the floor, and before Langdon could take in his surroundings, Solomon directed the flashlight out over the railing and pointed the beam straight down. Langdon was suddenly staring into a bottomless shaft . . . an endless winding staircase that plunged deep into the earth. My God! His knees nearly buckled, and he gripped the railing for support. The staircase was a traditional square spiral, and he could see at least thirty landings descending into the earth before the flashlight faded to nothing. I can't even see the bottom! â€Å"Peter . . .† he stammered. â€Å"What is this place!† â€Å"I'll take you to the bottom of the staircase in a moment, but before I do, you need to see something else.† Too overwhelmed to protest, Langdon let Peter guide him away from the stairwell and across the strange little chamber. Peter kept the flashlight trained on the worn stone floor beneath their feet, and Langdon could get no real sense of the space around them . . . except that it was small. A tiny stone chamber. They arrived quickly at the room's opposite wall, in which was embedded a rectangle of glass. Langdon thought it might be a window into a room beyond, and yet from where he stood, he saw only darkness on the other side. â€Å"Go ahead,† Peter said. â€Å"Have a look.† â€Å"What's in there?† Langdon flashed for an instant on the Chamber of Reflection beneath the Capitol Building, and how he had believed, for a moment, that it might contain a portal to some giant underground cavern. â€Å"Just look, Robert.† Solomon inched him forward. â€Å"And brace yourself, because the sight will shock you.† Having no idea what to expect, Langdon moved toward the glass. As he neared the portal, Peter turned out the flashlight, plunging the tiny chamber into total darkness. As his eyes adjusted, Langdon groped in front of him, his hands finding the wall, finding the glass, his face moving closer to the transparent portal. Still only darkness beyond. He leaned closer . . . pressing his face to the glass. Then he saw it. The wave of shock and disorientation that tore through Langdon's body reached down inside and spun his internal compass upside down. He nearly fell backward as his mind strained to accept the utterly unanticipated sight that was before him. In his wildest dreams, Robert Langdon would never have guessed what lay on the other side of this glass. The vision was a glorious sight. There in the darkness, a brilliant white light shone like a gleaming jewel. Langdon now understood it all–the barricade on the access road . . . the guards at the main entrance . . . the heavy metal door outside . . . the automatic doors that rumbled open and closed . . . the heaviness in his stomach . . . the lightness in his head . . . and now this tiny stone chamber. â€Å"Robert,† Peter whispered behind him, â€Å"sometimes a change of perspective is all it takes to see the light.† Speechless, Langdon stared out through the window. His gaze traveled into the darkness of the night, traversing more than a mile of empty space, dropping lower . . . lower . . . through the darkness . . . until it came to rest atop the brilliantly illuminated, stark white dome of the U.S. Capitol Building. Langdon had never seen the Capitol from this perspective–hovering 555 feet in the air atop America's great Egyptian obelisk. Tonight, for the first time in his life, he had ridden the elevator up to the tiny viewing chamber . . . at the pinnacle of the Washington Monument.

The Gospel, A Son Of God And A Riddle Essay - 831 Words

I do not agree with Jonathan Z. Smith’s definition, particularly I do not like the word â€Å"a riddle.† The words â€Å"Gospel, a son of God and a riddle† in his definition outstand to me, and I think these words are the key of his definition. Thus, it is important to understand what these words meaning is. What is Gospel? The people usually think the Fourth Gospel that Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, and it is all about Jesus. In the ancient Hellenistic time, the Gospels were regarded as biographies of Jesus (Boring, 508). If Jonathan Z. Smith represents â€Å"a son of God† as Jesus in his definition, I do not think the Gospel is only the story of Jesus, a son of God. While Jesus appears in every scene of Gospel, Jesus himself is not the main object of the Gospel. But I acknowledge that Jesus is the important character in the Gospel because God reveals himself through Jesus, and Jesus reveals himself as the Christ (Boring, 509). Boring said that the structure of the Gospel is not talking about Jesus’s life, but it is â€Å"who Jesus is in the plan of God† (Boring, 510). Dr. Smith’s definition seems like only focusing on Jesus as a son of God. However, I would like to emphasize God and God’s work through Jesus the Christ in the Gospel rather than Jesus a s a son of God. If only focusing on Jesus, we can easily miss God’s works in the believer’s life and the community in the Gospel. And also, it is easy to think Jesus as only human being. I believe that Jesus, a son of God, cannot be explainedShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of The Kingdom Of God977 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Principles of the Kingdom of God† are found abundantly within the text writings of the Gospels and other books within the Bible. It is easy to see that the â€Å"Kingdom of God† came upon us when Jesus walked the earth teaching, healing and preaching; doing the works of our Father, God Almighty. 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